For our study, the time window in which participants were allowed to eat was delibarately set to daytime, with the last meal being ingested at 6 PM the latest. We did this so that the time-window fits in the natural, internal day-night rhythm of humans.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Charlotte Andriessen Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences Maastricht University
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: In our modern 24h society, most people spread their food intake over at least 14 hours per day. As such, they lack a pronounced fasting state during the night and energy stores are hardly being depleted. Here, we wanted to re-store this pronounced overnight fast in people with type 2 diabetes, by limiting their habitual food intake to a 10-hour daily time window (time restricted eating, TRE) for a period of 3 weeks.
We hypothesized that the utilization of energy stores during the night would increase the need to re-fuel these stores with the first meal of the day, and would therefore result in a better energy uptake via the hormone insulin; i.e. would result in better insulin sensitivity. Although we did not find insulin sensitivity to be increased with TRE, we did find that fasting- and 24h glucose levels were decreased as compared to our control condition, in which participants spread their habitual food intake over at least 14 hours per day. Moreover, our volunteers spent more time in the normal glucose range, whereas the time restricted eating regime did not increase the time spent in hypoglyceamia.
The main messages are that the liver can directly control the most complex part of the brain.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Tamas L. Horvath, DVM, PhD Jean and David W. Wallace Professor of Comparative Medicine Chair, Department of Comparative Medicine Founding Director, Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling & Neurobiology of Metabolism Professor of Neuroscience and Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences Yale University School of Medicine
WeightControl.comWhat is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: We knew from earlier work that this very specific lipid species we studied (lysophospholipids) have an impact on how the most complex part of our brain, the cerebral cortex, functions. What is knew here is that we show that the level of these lipids fluctuate in association with the level of hunger of animals and that this fluctuation of these liver-derived lipid molecules are governed by neurons that control hunger and are in an ancient part of the brain (hypothalamus).
Individuals who are high on food cue responsiveness typically have uncontrolled eating and ruminate (think) about food a lot of the time
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Dr. Kerri N. Boutelle, Ph.D Department of Pediatrics Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Behavioral weight loss, which includes nutrition and physical activity education and behavior therapy techniques (also called a lifestyle intervention), is not effective for all adults with overweight and obesity and of those who lose weight, the majority regain the weight back. This suggests that there are unaddressed underlying mechanisms that impact the effectiveness of these interventions.
We developed a novel weight loss model based on appetitive traits, called regulation of cues (roc), that targets improving responsiveness to hunger and satiety cues and decreasing responsiveness to food cues. This is different than behavioral weight loss as it targets these internal control mechanisms while behavioral weight loss targets external control mechanisms.
After bariatric surgery there is a rapid weight loss that may impair an adequate weight gain during pregnancy and may also be associated with nutritional deficiencies
WeightControl.com Interview with: Dr Ana Carreira and Dr Bárbara Araújo Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra, Portuga
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Bariatric surgery is increasingly common in women of reproductive age and reduces the risk of obesity-related comorbidities in pregnancy. However, women after bariatric surgery have an increased risk of having a baby who is underweight (small for gestational age, SGA). A shorter bariatric surgery-to-conception interval (BSCI) has been one of the factors associated with a higher risk of SGA neonates, and, as a result, women are generally advised to wait at least 12 months after bariatric surgery before trying to conceive. However, the optimal bariatric surgery-to-conception interval is yet to be determined, and current recommendation differ among scientific societies, with some advocating a minimum of 12months and others 18 or 24 months.
In the Weight Matters podcast, Dr. Katherine Saunders and Dr. Louis Aronne address the many misconceptions associated with weight and how it impacts our broader health.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Louis Aronne, MD Co-Founder and Chief Medical Advisor at Intellihealth The Sanford I. Weill Professor of Metabolic Research Weill Cornell Medicine Medical Director Comprehensive Weight Control Center
Dr. Aronne
WeightControl.com: How does obesity affect health and health care costs?
Response: Obesity is a leading contributor to over 200 diseases: type 2 diabetes, heart disease, many types of cancer, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. All of these diseases and comorbidities have a link to excess weight, and their severity could be reduced by addressing the underlying issue of obesity. According to the World Health Organization, almost 3 million people die as a result of obesity or excess weight each year. And the National Institutes of Health has reported that obesity and overweight are now the second leading cause of death nationally. Perhaps that’s because unlike the more than 80 percent of patients with diabetes who receive treatment for their disease, less than 2 percent of patients with obesity or overweight are treated according to the latest guidelines.
Obesity is also an economic burden, leading to more than $210 billion a year in direct medical costs. Indirect costs, such as employer expenses, absenteeism, and lost productivity add up to as much as $500 billion annually. For adults with obesity, that translates to more than $3,500 in medical care costs per patient each year.
Time-restricted eating combined with calorie restriction offer a viable and sustainable approach for person who wants to lose weight.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Huijie Zhang M.D. & Ph.D Professor and Chief Physician Deputy Director of Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Nafang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Time-restricted eating is one of the most popular intermittent fasting regimens involving a specific eating period within a 24-hour cycle. Time-restricted eating regimen has gained attention because it reduces weight and enhances adherence. The long-term efficacy and safety of time-restricted eating for weight loss are not clear.
In this randomized clinical trial, among patients with obesity, a regimen of time-restricted eating was not more beneficial with regard to reduction in body weight, body fat, or metabolic risk factors than daily calorie restriction.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Lars T. Fadnes Professor & research group leader Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care & Bergen Addiction Research Department of Addiction Medicine University of Bergen & Haukeland University Hospital
Prof. Fadnes
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Food is fundamental for health, and globally dietary risk factors are estimated to cause 11 million deaths and 255 million disability-adjusted life years annually. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study provides summary measures of population health that are relevant when comparing health systems but does not estimate the impact of alterations in food group composition and respective health benefits. The EAT–Lancet commission did present a planetary diet, but it gives limited information on the health impact of other diets, and few people are able to adhere to strict health maximization approaches.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Esra Tasali, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Director, Sleep Research Center Department of Medicine The University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: We knew from prior research that sleep deprivation can stimulate appetite and cravings for junk food, and increases weight gain. What we did not know is whether we can do something about it in real-life?
Our randomized controlled trial on sleep extension in real-life setting found that getting sufficient sleep reduces caloric intake by on average 270kcal per day.
Our research suggests that restaurants are bringing lower-calorie options to their menus now that they are required to display calorie labels on their menus.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Anna H. GrummonPhD , Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Nutrition Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
Dr. Grummon
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response:As of 2018, large chain restaurants in the US are required by law to display calorie information on their menus. A number of researchers have looked at how consumers respond to the new calorie labels. What was not yet known was how the industry responded to the calorie labeling law. Our study is the first to investigate whether nationwide rollout of the calorie labeling law spurred restaurants to change the types of foods they offer. We found that the rollout of the calorie labels appeared to prompt restaurants to introduce lower-calorie items to their menus, but did not spur changes to existing menu items.
WeightControl.com: What should readers take away from your report?
Response:Our research suggests that restaurants are bringing lower-calorie options to their menus now that they are required to display calorie labels on their menus. These new options could help Americans find foods that meet their health goals when they get take-out or dine at restaurants.
At the same time, existing menu items did not change after the labels were rolled out. This suggests that additional policy changes might be needed to nudge restaurants to make these existing items healthier. The calorie labeling law is important in providing consumers with information about menu items that was hard to find previously. Future policies can build on this success.
WeightControl.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work?
Response:Our study examined restaurant menus, not what consumers buy or eat. So we don’t yet know how these changes to menus will affect what consumers eat and drink at restaurants, or ultimately how this policy will affect health outcomes. Future studies can examine how consumers respond to both calorie labels and to changes in the types of items sold by restaurants.
WeightControl.com: Is there anything else you would like to add?
Response: Mandatory labelling may have spurred restaurants to introduce new, lower calorie items to their menus. These calorie labels also allow consumers to easily view the calorie count of their meal, information which was difficult to find before the law.
No disclosures.
Citation:
Grummon AH, Petimar J, Soto MJ, et al. Changes in Calorie Content of Menu Items at Large Chain Restaurants After Implementation of Calorie Labels. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2141353. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.41353
The information on WeightControl.com is provided for educational purposes only, and is in no way intended to diagnose, cure, or treat any medical or other condition. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health and ask your doctor any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. In addition to all other limitations and disclaimers in this agreement, service provider and its third party providers disclaim any liability or loss in connection with the content provided on this website.
If anyone is interested in tracking their own eating pattern and setting personal goals for when they eat, they are welcome to use the smartphone app that Dr. Panda’s lab created called myCircadianClock.
WeightControl.com Interview with: Satchidananda PandaPhD Professor, Regulatory Biology Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies La Jolla, CA
Dr. Panda
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Our bodies have internal rhythms to help keep everything happening in the body at the right place and the right time. These internal rhythms play a large role in our health and can increase the risk for disease when compromised. Time-restricted eating (TRE) maintains a consistent eating time to help support these circadian rhythms and overall health.
WeightControl.com: What should readers take away from your report?
Response: Limiting food and beverages to a consistent 8-10 hours is an important part of a healthy lifestyle and can help prevent and treat chronic disease. Many studies have shown moderate weight loss (3-5%) as well as other health benefits including improved glucose regulation, decreased blood pressure, and decreased cholesterol.
WeightControl.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work?
Response: This review highlights the need for larger and longer term Time-restricted eating trials in diverse groups including those who are healthy as well as individuals with chronic diseases. It is also important that all TRE trials assess the timing of eating before and throughout the study to understand how eating patterns change and adherence to the intervention.
WeightControl.com: Is there anything else you would like to add?
Response: If anyone is interested in tracking their own eating pattern and setting personal goals for when they eat, they are welcome to use the smartphone app that Dr. Panda’s lab created called myCircadianClock. The app is available on iPhone and android phones, is free to use, and data is only used for research purposes. You can sign up at www.mycircadianclock.org.
Disclosures: Dr. Satchin Panda is the author of The Circadian Code.
Citation:
Emily N Manoogian, Lisa S Chow, Pam R Taub, Blandine Laferrère, Satchidananda Panda, Time-restricted eating for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases, Endocrine Reviews, 2021;, bnab027, https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnab027
The information on WeightControl.com is provided for educational purposes only, and is in no way intended to diagnose, cure, or treat any medical or other condition. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health and ask your doctor any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. In addition to all other limitations and disclaimers in this agreement, service provider and its third party providers disclaim any liability or loss in connection with the content provided on this website.
