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Older individuals with a weight loss of 5-10% had a higher risk of all-cause mortality: 33% for men and 26% for women.
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Dr Monira Hussain MBBS, MPH, PhD
Senior Research Fellow &
ECF Clinical Research Australian Fellow
Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Monash University
Melbourne Australia
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: The impact of weight changes on healthy older adults is not fully understood, and the association between weight loss and cause-specific mortality needs to be explored using more reliable methods.
Patients were able to stay away from food for a longer time. For some of the patients that was really changing their lives. They are back to normal and not obsessed with food all the time.
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Dr. Christian Roth, MD
Seattle Children’s Research Institute and Division of Endocrinology
Department of Pediatrics
University of Washington
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? Would you briefly explain what is meant by Hypothalamic Obesity?
Response: Hypothalamic obesity is a different entity of obesity that is rare and very difficult to treat. It is an acquired form of obesity due to injury to the hypothalamus because of a brain tumor and/or its treatment. This causes an abrupt change in body weight regulation because tissues that are important for energy homeostasis are partially or completely removed.
Typically, these patients can’t control their appetite and within a very short time after surgery they gain weight quickly. Their energy expenditure is also very low. So even if they cut down on calorie intake, they are typically not able to lose weight.
females lost more weight than males with similar exposures to liraglutide, suggesting that body size may not be the only factor.
WeightControl.com Interview with:
A/Prof Samantha L Hocking | Associate Professor Diabetes NSW & ACT
Sydney School of Medicine (Central Clinical School)
Charles Perkins Centre
Faculty of Medicine and Health
President National Association of Clinical Obesity Services
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Numerous studies have shown that the mean response to a weight loss intervention hides significant individual variation. There are biological and physiological differences between males and females so gender is a potential predictor of weight loss outcomes.
Exercise is optimal for long-term weight control and prevention of type 2 diabetes when compared with low-calorie diet, low-calorie diet & exercise, fasting, commercial weight loss program, and diet pills.
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Dr. Keyi Si, PhD
Department of Nutrition
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Weight control is one of the primary and effective strategies for the prevention and management of obesity and related chronic diseases. However, long-term weight change and risks of developing type 2 diabetes following various weight loss strategies are understudied, especially among originally lean individuals.
We know that many people living with obesity do not want to attend health care appointments after a perceived “failure” of a weight loss intervention
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Prof Jennifer Logue
Associate Dean (Research) Faculty of Health and Medicine
Lancaster University
Deputy Clinical Director | NIHR CRN North West Coast
Professor of Metabolic Medicine | Lancaster University
Hon Consultant in Metabolic Medicine
Blackpool Victoria Hospital
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Currently, many providers may offer more intensive therapies to every patient as they don’t believe behavioural programmes are effective, when they are for many people. Other providers leave patients struggling in a behavioural programme and they will disengage, reinforcing self-stigma.
The main messages are that the liver can directly control the most complex part of the brain.
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Tamas L. Horvath, DVM, PhD
Jean and David W. Wallace Professor of Comparative Medicine
Chair, Department of Comparative Medicine
Founding Director, Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling
& Neurobiology of Metabolism
Professor of Neuroscience and Ob/Gyn & Reproductive Sciences
Yale University School of Medicine
WeightControl.com What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: We knew from earlier work that this very specific lipid species we studied (lysophospholipids) have an impact on how the most complex part of our brain, the cerebral cortex, functions. What is knew here is that we show that the level of these lipids fluctuate in association with the level of hunger of animals and that this fluctuation of these liver-derived lipid molecules are governed by neurons that control hunger and are in an ancient part of the brain (hypothalamus).
Individuals who are high on food cue responsiveness typically have uncontrolled eating and ruminate (think) about food a lot of the time
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Dr. Kerri N. Boutelle, Ph.D
Department of Pediatrics
Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science,
Department of Psychiatry
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: Behavioral weight loss, which includes nutrition and physical activity education and behavior therapy techniques (also called a lifestyle intervention), is not effective for all adults with overweight and obesity and of those who lose weight, the majority regain the weight back. This suggests that there are unaddressed underlying mechanisms that impact the effectiveness of these interventions.
We developed a novel weight loss model based on appetitive traits, called regulation of cues (roc), that targets improving responsiveness to hunger and satiety cues and decreasing responsiveness to food cues. This is different than behavioral weight loss as it targets these internal control mechanisms while behavioral weight loss targets external control mechanisms.
After bariatric surgery there is a rapid weight loss that may impair an adequate weight gain during pregnancy and may also be associated with nutritional deficiencies
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Dr Ana Carreira and Dr Bárbara Araújo
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra
Coimbra, Portuga
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study?
Response: Bariatric surgery is increasingly common in women of reproductive age and reduces the risk of obesity-related comorbidities in pregnancy. However, women after bariatric surgery have an increased risk of having a baby who is underweight (small for gestational age, SGA). A shorter bariatric surgery-to-conception interval (BSCI) has been one of the factors associated with a higher risk of SGA neonates, and, as a result, women are generally advised to wait at least 12 months after bariatric surgery before trying to conceive. However, the optimal bariatric surgery-to-conception interval is yet to be determined, and current recommendation differ among scientific societies, with some advocating a minimum of 12months and others 18 or 24 months.
In the Weight Matters podcast, Dr. Katherine Saunders and Dr. Louis Aronne address the many misconceptions associated with weight and how it impacts our broader health.
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Louis Aronne, MD
Co-Founder and Chief Medical Advisor at Intellihealth
The Sanford I. Weill Professor of Metabolic Research
Weill Cornell Medicine Medical Director
Comprehensive Weight Control Center
WeightControl.com: How does obesity affect health and health care costs?
Response: Obesity is a leading contributor to over 200 diseases: type 2 diabetes, heart disease, many types of cancer, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. All of these diseases and comorbidities have a link to excess weight, and their severity could be reduced by addressing the underlying issue of obesity. According to the World Health Organization, almost 3 million people die as a result of obesity or excess weight each year. And the National Institutes of Health has reported that obesity and overweight are now the second leading cause of death nationally. Perhaps that’s because unlike the more than 80 percent of patients with diabetes who receive treatment for their disease, less than 2 percent of patients with obesity or overweight are treated according to the latest guidelines.
Obesity is also an economic burden, leading to more than $210 billion a year in direct medical costs. Indirect costs, such as employer expenses, absenteeism, and lost productivity add up to as much as $500 billion annually. For adults with obesity, that translates to more than $3,500 in medical care costs per patient each year.
Our research suggests that restaurants are bringing lower-calorie options to their menus now that they are required to display calorie labels on their menus.
WeightControl.com Interview with:
Anna H. Grummon PhD , Postdoctoral Fellow
Department of Nutrition
Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health
WeightControl.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?
Response: As of 2018, large chain restaurants in the US are required by law to display calorie information on their menus. A number of researchers have looked at how consumers respond to the new calorie labels. What was not yet known was how the industry responded to the calorie labeling law. Our study is the first to investigate whether nationwide rollout of the calorie labeling law spurred restaurants to change the types of foods they offer. We found that the rollout of the calorie labels appeared to prompt restaurants to introduce lower-calorie items to their menus, but did not spur changes to existing menu items.
WeightControl.com: What should readers take away from your report?
Response: Our research suggests that restaurants are bringing lower-calorie options to their menus now that they are required to display calorie labels on their menus. These new options could help Americans find foods that meet their health goals when they get take-out or dine at restaurants.
At the same time, existing menu items did not change after the labels were rolled out. This suggests that additional policy changes might be needed to nudge restaurants to make these existing items healthier. The calorie labeling law is important in providing consumers with information about menu items that was hard to find previously. Future policies can build on this success.
WeightControl.com: What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this work?
Response: Our study examined restaurant menus, not what consumers buy or eat. So we don’t yet know how these changes to menus will affect what consumers eat and drink at restaurants, or ultimately how this policy will affect health outcomes. Future studies can examine how consumers respond to both calorie labels and to changes in the types of items sold by restaurants.
WeightControl.com: Is there anything else you would like to add?
Response: Mandatory labelling may have spurred restaurants to introduce new, lower calorie items to their menus. These calorie labels also allow consumers to easily view the calorie count of their meal, information which was difficult to find before the law.
No disclosures.
Citation:
Grummon AH, Petimar J, Soto MJ, et al. Changes in Calorie Content of Menu Items at Large Chain Restaurants After Implementation of Calorie Labels. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2141353. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.41353
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